emdebian根文件系统

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如果想要更接近桌面系统的根文件系统，emdebian是不二之选。emdebian也是深度可定制，大小从不到100M到上G均可配置。但这个大小基本上无法使用spi
flash了，只能使用tf卡或者emmc。优点是有包管理系统，可以直接apt-get
install来安装新软件包。

环境搭建

安装依赖包

sudo apt-get install multistrap qemu qemu-user-static binfmt-support dpkg-cross

建立工作目录：

mkdir emdebian
cd emdebian
mkdir mindb
cd mindb

编辑multistrap_mindb.conf配置文件

示例如下：

具体语法请参考：https://wiki.debian.org/Multistrap

这里使用了较快的清华大学的镜像站，身在国外的朋友可以视情况更改。

[General]
directory=target-rootfs
cleanup=true
noauth=true
unpack=true
debootstrap=Debian Net Utils
aptsources=Debian 

[Debian]
packages=apt kmod lsof
source=http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian/
keyring=debian-archive-keyring
suite=stretch
components=main contrib non-free

[Net]
#Basic packages to enable the networking
packages=netbase net-tools ethtool udev iproute iputils-ping ifupdown isc-dhcp-client ssh
source=http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian/

[Utils]
#General purpose utilities
packages=locales adduser vim less wget dialog usbutils
source=http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian/

如果出现

W: GPG error: http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/debian stretch Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY XXXX
E: The repository 'http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/debian stretch Release' is not signed.

将：$config_str .= " -o Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories=true"; 写入到320行

vim /usr/sbin/multistrap

$config_str = '';
$config_str .= " -o Apt::Architecture=" . shellescape($arch);
$config_str .= " -o Dir::Etc::TrustedParts=" . shellescape("${dir}${etcdir}trusted.gpg.d");
$config_str .= " -o Dir::Etc::Trusted=" . shellescape("${dir}${etcdir}trusted.gpg");
$config_str .= " -o Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories=true";
$config_str .= " -o Apt::Get::AllowUnauthenticated=true"
        if (defined $noauth);

创建根文件系统

sudo multistrap -a armhf -f multistrap_mindb.conf

执行完成后，target-rootfs即是所需的根文件系统。

配置软件包

使用QEMU来配置软件包，将target-rootfs作为root挂载来操作。

sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static target-rootfs/usr/bin
sudo mount -o bind /dev/ target-rootfs/dev/
sudo LC_ALL=C LANGUAGE=C LANG=C chroot target-rootfs dpkg --configure -a
#这里就可以模拟板子情况执行相关命令，比如安装额外的软件包
sudo umount target-rootfs/dev/  #最后记得卸载

其中出现选择系统shell的提示框，选否，即不使用dash。

做最后的一些配置

#!/bin/sh
#Directory contains the target rootfs
TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR="target-rootfs"
#Board hostname
filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/hostname
echo acqua > $filename
#Default name servers
filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/resolv.conf
echo nameserver 8.8.8.8 > $filename
echo nameserver 8.8.4.4 >> $filename
#Default network interfaces
filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/network/interfaces
echo auto eth0 >> $filename
echo allow-hotplug eth0 >> $filename
echo iface eth0 inet dhcp >> $filename
#eth0 MAC address
echo hwaddress ether 00:04:25:12:34:56 >> $filename
#Set the the debug port
filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/inittab
echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 115200 vt100 >> $filename
#Set rules to change wlan dongles
filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
echo SUBSYSTEM=='"net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?", ATTR{address}=="", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="wlan*", NAME="wlan0"' > $filename
#microSD partitions mounting
filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/fstab
echo /dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot vfat noatime 0 1 > $filename
echo /dev/mmcblk0p2 / ext4 noatime 0 1 >> $filename
echo proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 >> $filename
#Add the standard Debian non-free repositories useful to load
#closed source firmware (i.e. WiFi dongle firmware)
filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free > $filename

设置密码和其它操作

sudo chroot target-rootfs passwd
sudo LC_ALL=C LANGUAGE=C LANG=C chroot target-rootfs apt-get install packagename

修改 target-rootfs/etc/ssh/sshd_config来使能root登录

PermitRootLogin yes

buildroot根文件系统

SPI-Flash系统编译